POPULATION III

HEALTH

76. What are the factors that influence the decline of death rate?
77. Why is health situation a major concern for India?
78. What are the effects of malnutrition?
79. Safe drinking water and basic sanitation amenities are available to only ---------------------- of the rural populaiton.
80. How can these problems be tackled?

ADOLESCENT POPULATION

81. What is the size of the adolescent population in India?
82. What is the age group of adolescents?
83. The adolescents are the most important resource for the future. True or False?
84. What is the difference regarding nutrition requirements of an adolescent and that of a normal child or adult?
85. Is the diet available to adolescents in India adequate?
86. What is the major ailment of most of the adolescent girls?
87. How can be the adolescents made aware of their problems?

NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY

88. Why was the Family Plannin Programme initiated?
89. Write notes on NPP 2000.
90. NPP insists on education upto ------------------ years of age.
91. NPP aims at reducing infant mortality rate to below --------- per 1000 live births.

NPP 2000 AND ADOLESCENTS

92. How does NPP 2000 identify adolescents?
93. On what factors does NPP 2000 lay importance regarding adolescents?
94. What is STD?
95. What are the special plans of NPP 2000 regarding adolescents?
96. Explain: A well - educated healthy population provides potential powers.

POPULATION II

AGE COMPOSITION

51. What does age composotion refer to?
52. How is age composition one of the most basic characteristics of population?
53. According to age, how is population of a nation generally grouped?
54. What can you say of the category of children below 15 years?
55. What can you say of the working age 15 - 59 years?
56. What can you say of the aged above 59 years?
57. How does the percentage of children and the aged affect the dependency ratio?

SEX RATIO

58. Define sex ratio.
59. Why has the sex ration always proved to be unfavourable to females?
60. What is the sex ratio of Kerala, Pondicherry and Delhi?

LITERACY RATES

61. What is the relationship between literacy and population?
62. Who is treated as a literate according to the Census?
63. Has the literacy rate of India improved?
64. Is the literacy rate same for male and female? Why?

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

65. What is referred to as occupational structure?
66. How are the occupations classified?
67. What are primary occupations?
68. What are secondary occupations?
69. What are tertiary occupations?
70. What are the occupations of the developed countries?
71. What are the occupations of the developing countries?
72. In India ------------- per cent of the population is engaged only in agriculture.
73. The proportion of population dependent on secondary sectors is -------------.
74. The proportion of population dependent on tertiary sectors is -------------.
75. What are the factors that favour secondary and tertiary sectors?

POPULATION - I

INTRODUCTION

1. How are human beings themselves resources?
2. When does the simple rock coal become a resource?
3. When does a natural event like Tsunami become a disaster?
4. Why is population significant?
5. Human beings are ----------------- and ------------------ of earth's resources.
6. What is census?
7. What are the three major questions about the population? Explain.

POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION

INDIA'S POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION BY NUMBERS

8. What had been the population of India as on March 2001? It accounted for --------------- percent of the world's population.
9. Our country's area is ----------------- sq. km.
10. It accounts for ------------------- percent of the world's area.
11. Which state is the most populous according to Census 2001?
12. Uttar Pradesh accounts for ---------------------- percent of India's population.
13. Which are the less populous states / territories in India?
14. Almost half of India's population lives in just ----------- states.
15. These states are -------------, ----------------, ---------------, ------------- and ---------------.
16. ____________ is the biggest state of India in terms of area.
17. It has only ---------- percent of the total population of India.
18. What could be the reason of uneven distribution of population in India?

INDIA'S POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY DENSITY

19. How is population density calculated?
20. Name the countries that have higher average population densities than India.
21. What was the population density of India in the year 2001?
22. What can you say bout the population density in West bengal and Arunachal Pradesh?
23. Which are the states with population densities below 250 persones per sq.km.?
24. Which states have moderate population densities?
25. What are the factors that have influenced population densities in these areas?
26. Which states have high to very high population densities?
27. What are the factors that have influenced high population densities in these areas?
28. Identify the three states of the Northern Plains with high population denstities.

POPULATION GROWTH AND PROCESSES OF POPULATION CHANGE

29. Population is a ---------------- phenomenon.
30. Why is population a dynamic phenomenon?
31. What are the three processes that influence population?

POPULATION GROWTH

32. What does growth of population refer to?
33. In what two ways can the changes related to population growth be expressed?
34. What do you mean by absolute numbers?
35. How is absolute number obtained?
36. What do you mean by absolute increase?
37. What is annual growth rate?
38. What happened to the rate of growth of population since 1981?
39. How was this rate of decline achieved?
40. India may overtake China in the year ---------------- to become the most populous country in the world.

PROCESSES OF POPULATION CHANGE / GROWTH

41. What are the three main processes of change of population?
42. How do you calculate the natural increase of population?
43. Explain   birth rate.
44. Explain death rate.
45. Explain migration.
46. Differentiate between internal migration and international migration.
47. What are the important reasons of migration from rural to urban areas?
48. Why is migration an important determinant of population change?
49. Why are the cities highly populated?
50. What can you say about 'million plus cities' in India?

NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE - III

WILD LIFE

92. India has more than ------------------- animal species.
93. India has more than ---------------- species of birds. They constitute ------- percent of the world's total.
94. There are ------------- species of fish. They constitute -------- percent of the world's stock.
95. India shares ----------------- of the world's amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
96. Elephants are found in ---------------, ------------------ and ----------------.
97. Where are one-horned rhinoceroses found?
98. Where are wild ass and camels found?
99. When was Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India?
100. India is the only country in the world that has both tigers and lions. True or False?
101. Which is the natural habitat of the Indian lion?
102. Where are tigers found?
103. Give an account of the animals found in the Himalayas.
104. Name some birds inhabiting the forests and wetlands of India.
105. List some uses of the animals and birds that help us to lead our life.
107. Why is conservation of flora and fauna essential?
108. ------------------ plant species are endangered and ------------- species are extinct.
109. What are the major threats to nature...flora and fauna?
110. How does pollution affect flora and fauna?
111.

NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE - II

TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS

51. What type of forests are the most widespread in India?
52. What is the other name for tropical deciduous forests?
53. What is the range of rainfall in these forests?
54. What can you say about the shedding of leaves in these forests?
55. How are these forests divided on the basis of availability of water?
56. What is the range of rainfall of the moist deciduous forests?
56. Where are these forests found?
57. What is the most dominant species of this forest?
58. Name some commercially important crops in these forests.
59. What is the range of rainfall of the dry deciduous forests?
60. Where are these forests found?
61. What are the trees that grow here?
62. Why is a large part of this area cleared?
63. What are the common animals found in these forests?

THE THORN FORESTS AND SCRUBS

64. What is the range of rainfall in these forests?
65. Where are these forests found?
66. What are the main plant species?
67. What is the root structure of the plants? Why is it so?
68. What is the stem structure of the plants?
69. How do the leaves look?
70. What are the common animals found in these forests?

MONTANE FORESTS

71. In mountainous areas, how does temperature change the natural vegetation?
72. What are the trees found in the forests between a height of 1000 and 2000 metres?
73. What are the trees found in forests between a height of 1500 and 3000 metres?
74. Where are these forests found?
75. What type of vegetation do you see in the high altitudes?
76. Where is alpine vegetation found?
77. What are the common trees of these forests?
78. How does the vegetation change when they approach the snowline.
79. Name the tribes who are seen here.
80. What forms part of Tundra vegetation at the higher altitude?
81. What are the common animals found in these forests?

MANGROVE FORESTS

82. Where are the mangrove forests found?
83. What is the special feature of the coasts where these forests are found?
84. What are the trees that grow in these forests?
85. What is the famous animal in these forests?
86. What are the common animals found in these forests?

NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE - I

INTRODUCTION

1. How many bio-diversity countries are there in the world?
2. India occupies ---------------- place in the world and ---------------- place in Asia in diversity.
3. There are about  ----------- plant species in India.
4. There are about ---------------- flowering plants in India.
5. India accounts for ------------- percent in the world's total number of flowering plants.
6. Give some examples of non-flowering plants in India.
7. India has --------------- species of animals.
8. It has rich variety of fish in ----------- and -------------- waters.
9. What is referred to as antural vegetation?
10. What do you mean by virgin vegetation?
11. Under what form of vegetation are cultivated crops, fruits and orchards classified? Are they classified under natural vegetation? Why?
12. Explain the terms: a. endemic or indigenous plants. b. exotic plants
13. What is flora?
14. What is fauna?

RELIEF

LAND

15. How does land affect the natural vegetation?
16. The nature of land influences the type of vegetation. True or False?
17. To what type of vegetation are the fertile lands devoted to?
18. What do you see in the terrains where grasslands and woodlands develop?

SOIL

19. Does the soil vary over space?
20. Different types of soil provide basis for different types of vegetation. True or False?
21. What are the plants supported by sandy soils of the desert?
22. What type of vegetation do you see in the hill slopes?

CLIMATE

TEMPERATURE

23. What are the factors that determine the character and extent of vegetation?
24. How is vegetation influenced by temperature on the slopes of the Himalayas?

PHOTOPERIOD (SUNLIGHT)

25. Why does variation in duration of sunlight at different places occur?
26. Why do trees grow faster in summer?

PRECIPITATION

27. Which are the monsoons that bring rain to India?
28. Areas of heavy rainfall have --------------- vegetation than areas of less rainfall.
29. Why are forests important to human beings? Explain in detail.
30. What are the factors that change India's natural vegetation?
31. What is the different feature you find in the the inaccessible areas of Himalayas, the hilly region of central India and marusthali?
32. What was the actual forest cover in 2001?

ECOSYSTEM

33. The nature of animals present in a particular area depends upon its nature of vegetation. True or False?
34. How are animals and plants interdependent and interrelated?
35. How is an ecosystem formed?
36. Human beings are an integral part of ecosystem. True or False?
37. How do the human beings influence the ecology of a region?
38. Why have some of the plants and animals reached the verge of extinction?
39. What is biome?

TYPES OF VEGETATION

40. What are the major types of vegetation in our country?

TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS

41. Name the areas where you see tropical evergreen forests.
42. What is the measure of rainfall?
43. What is the average height of the trees?
44. What kind of climate exists in these forests?
45. What kind of vegetation do you see in these forests?
46. Why do the forests appear green throughout the year?
47. Name some trees of these forests that have commercial significance.
48. What are the common animals found?
49. Where are the one horn rhinoceros found?
50. Apart from the common animals, what other species of animals are seen in these forests? 

CLIMATE - Part III

THE SEASONS

89. Seasonal changes are more noticeable in the ------------- areas compared to the ---------- parts of the country.
90. What are the main seasons of India?

THE COLD WEATHER SEASON (WINTER)

91. What is the duration of winter?
92. ------------ and ----------- are the coldest months in North India.
93. The temperature ------------- from the south to the north.
94. What is the average temperature of Chennai / eastern coast?
95. What is the average temperature of the northern plains?
96. Days are ------------ and nights are ------------.
97. ------------ is common in the north and --------------- is experienced in the slopes of Himalayas.
98. During winter -------------- winds prevail over the country.
99. The winds blow from the ----------- to the -----------.
100. Why is it dry season  during winter in most parts of the country?
101. What kind of weather prevails in the northern part of the country during winter?
102. Write notes on the cyclonic disturbances in the northern plains.
103. What is 'mahawai'? Why is it important?
104. What kind of weather prevails in the peninsular region during winter?

THE HOT WEATHER SEASON (SUMMER)

105. What is the duration of the summer season in India?
106. What is the highest temperature in March and where is it recorded?
107. What iste temperature in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in April?
108. In summer the temperature of ------------is common in the northwestern parts.
109. In peninsulat India the temperature remains -------------.
110. The summer months experience ---------------- temperature and ---------------air pressure in the north.
111. Where does a low pressure develop during the end of May?
112. Give an account on 'loo'.
113. When do the dust stroms blow and how do they affect the climate during this season?
114. Give an account of : 'Kaal Baisakhi'.
115. What are 'mango showers' and where are they seen?

ADVANCING MONSOON (THE RAINY SEASON)

116. Write notes on the trade winds ..the changes they bring during the rainy season.
117. How does the south-west monsoon bring a total change in the weather?
118. Due to this monsoon, the Western Ghats receive very high rainfall  more than ----------- cm.
119. The maximum rainfall of this season is experienced in -------------- part of the country.
120. ------------ in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world.
121. What are 'breaks' in rainfall?
122. Monsoon is uncertain. True or False? Why?

RETREATING MONSOON (THE TRANSITION SEASON)

123. The duration of transiton is during the months of ---------------------------.
124. Describe the retreat of the monsoon during the transition period.
125. What is known as 'October heat'?
126. Give an account of the occurence and the movement of the cyclones during the transition period.

DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

127. Rainfall is not equally distributed in the country. Explain with examples.

MONSOON AS A UNIFYING BOND

128. What are the factors responsible for a rhythmic cycle of seasons?
129. Monsoon decides the life of plants, man and animals in India. How?

CLIMATE - Part II

PRESSURE AND  WINDS

51. What are the atmospheric conditions that govern India's weather and climate  condtions?
52. India lies in the region of ------------------winds.
53. How do the north easterly winds decide the atmospheric condition of India?
54. what is Coriolis force?
55. What is the condition of pressure and wind during winter?
56. What are known a the Southwest monsoons?
57. Which monsoon brings wide rainfall over India?
58. What is the jet stream?
59. What do you know about subtropical westerly jet streams?
60. Jet streams blow south of the Himalayas -------------- except in ----------------.
61. What do you know about subtropical easterly jet streams?
62. Write notes on: Western Cyclonic disturbances.

THE INDIAN MONSOON

63. The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds. True or False?
64. Who were the sailors who were benefited by the monsoons? How were they benefited?
65. The monsoons are experienced in the tropical area roughly between ------------- and ------------.
66. What are the five facts that are important to understand the mechanism of the monsoons?
67. Write notes on the differential heating and cooling of land and water.
68. Give notes on the shift of the postition of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. (ITCZ)
69. What is monsoon trough?
70. What do you know of the preesence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar?
71. What is the result of the intense heat of Tibetan plateau in summer?
72. What are the jet streams that change the monsoon mechanism?
73. Write short notes on ITCZ.
74. How do the pressure conditions over the zouthern oceans affect the monsoons?
75. What is known as the Southern Oscillation or  SO?
76. Describe the El Nino movement.
77. What is ENSO?

THE ONSET OF THE MONSOON AND WITHDRAWAL

78. The monsoon winds are ------------ in nature.
79. When and what is the duration of monsoon?
80. What is known as the burst of the monsoon?
81. When does the monsoon arrive at the southern tip of India?
82. What are the two branches of the mopnsoon?
83. Write notes on the Arabian Sea branch.
84. Write notes on the Bay of Bengal branch.
85. Where does the Arabian Sea branch monsoon arrive during by mid-June?
86. Where do the two branches merge?
87. What are the areas that receive rainfall through the Bay of Bengal branch?
88. Give a  detailed description of the withdrawal of monsoons.

CLIMATE - Part I

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS

1. What is climate?

2. What is weather?

3. What are the elements of weather and climate?

4. The elements of weather and climate are same / different...Choose the correct answer.

5. On what basis is the year divided into different seasons?

6. The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word ------------------.

7. What is monsoon?

8. The climatic condition of India is described as ---------------- type.

9. In Asia monsoon type of climate is found in -------------- and ----------------------- parts.

10. What are the main elements that cause regional variation in climatic conditions within a country?

11. In summer temperature of Rajasthan is ----------------; at the same time the temperature of Jammu and Kashmir is -------------- and that of Thiruvananthapuram is --------------.

12. In the Thar desert the temperature may be -------------- during day time; the same day it might get reduced to ------------------.

13. During day and night there is hardly any difference of temperature in Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar islands. True or False?

14. What is the nature of precipitation in the upper part of Himalayas, when it rains all over the country?

15. What is the annual precipitation in Meghalaya?

16. What is the annuala precipitation in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.

17. India receives rainfall normally from ------------- to ---------------.

18. In tamil Nadu some coastal areas get rain from --------------- to -------------------.

19. Coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions. True or False?

20. Seasonal contrasts are more in the interior parts of the country compared to the coastal areas. True or False?

21. What is the difference in seasonal contrasts between the coastal areas of and the interior parts of India?

22. How has the climate variations changed the life style of the people?

23. What is the difference in the nature of the houses in Rajasthan and Tarai region in Goa and Mangalore?

24. Describe the nature of houses built in Assam.

CLIMATE CONTROLS

25. What are the six major controls of the climate of any place?

26. Give an account of the latitudes.

27. Why does the temperature generally decrease from the equator towards the poles?

28. Give an account of the altitudes.

29. Why are the hills cooler during summer?

30. What do you know of pressure and wind system?

31. How can the pressure and wind system influence the temperature and rainfall pattern?

32. How does the sea exert a moderating influence on the climate?

33. Explain : the distance from the sea as a major control of the climate.

34. What is continentality?

35. Describe ocean currents as a major factor of the climate.

36. Why are most of the world's deserts located in the western margins of continents in the subtropics?

37. Describe relief as a major factor of the climate.

38. What are the barriers for hot and cold winds?

39. How do high mountains cause precipitation?

40. The leeward side of the mountains remain ------------------.

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIA;S CLIMATE

LATITUDE

41. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the ------------- of the country from the --------------- in the west to --------------------- in the east.

42. Half of the country lying south of Tropic of Cancer is --------------- area.

43. Remaining area lying north of Tropic of Cancer is --------------- area.

44. India's climate has characteristics of both -------------- and --------------- climates.

45. Why does India have the characteristics of both tropical and subtropical climates?

ALTITUDE

46. India has mountains to the north which have an average height of -----------------.

47. India's has a ------------ coastal area.

48. The elevation of the coastal area is about ---------------.

49. --------------- prevents the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent.

50. Why does India (subcontinent) experience mild winters than Central Asia?