INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS
1. List any 10 items around you that are obtained from forests.
1. List any 10 items around you that are obtained from forests.
2. List the major supportive things of life that are provided by the forest.
3. What percent of the world’s total area was cleared between 1700 and 1995?
4. Why was a considerable area of the world cleared between 1700 and 1995?
5. What area of the world was cleared between 1700 and 1995?
WHY DEFORESTATION?
WHY DEFORESTATION?
6. Define deforestation.
7. During the ------------------------ deforestation became more systematic and extensive.
8. In 1600 approximately ------------------------- of India’s landmass was under cultivation.
LAND TO BE IMPROVED
LAND TO BE IMPROVED
9. With the increase in ----------------- over the centuries the demand for food has also increased.
10. With the increase in population over the centuries the demand for -------------------- has also increased.
11. As population increased peasants increased the boundaries of cultivation by (i) ------------------- and (ii) --------------------- .
12. List the causes of deforestation in India during the British rule.
13. List the commercial crops produced by the British.
14. The demand for commercial crops increased in --------------- century Europe.
15. During the 19th century forests were considered to be ------------------ .
16. Between 1880 and 1920, cultivated area rose by ------------------------- hectares.
SLEEPERS ON THE TRACKS
SLEEPERS ON THE TRACKS
17. Name the factor that created a problem of timber supply for the Royal Navy.
18. How was the problem of timber supply solved?
19. Explain the features of ship-building during colonial rule.
20. What was the demand caused by the spread of the railways?
21. Each mile of railway tracks required between --------------- and ---------------- sleepers.
22. The length of the railway track in 1890 was ----------------- .
23. The length of the railway track in 1946 was ----------- .
24. How did the spread of the railway tracks affected forests / trees?
PLANTATIONS
PLANTATIONS
25. Explain tea, coffee plantation during colonial rule.
26. How did the plantation of tea/ coffee affected the forests?
27. Why were forests cleared off rapidly during the colonial period?
a. To fulfil the demand of commercial crops.
b. Forests were considered to be wasteland.
c. To fulfil the demand of timber
d. All the above.
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
28. The British employed a German expert ------------------- for advice regarding forests.
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
28. The British employed a German expert ------------------- for advice regarding forests.
29. -------------------- was the first Inspector General of forests in India.
30. Explain the reforms brought out by Brandis. (or) Explain the achievements of Brandis.
31. Brandis set up the Indian Forest Service (IFS) in -------- .
32. The Indian Forest Act was formulated in ----------------- .
33. The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at --------------------- in ------------------- .
34. In 1906, at Dehradun ----------------------- was set up.
35. The Imperial Forest Research Institute taught ---------------------- .
36. What is called plantation according to scientific forestry?
37. Explain scientific theory.
38. What were the provisions of Forest Act of 1878?
39. The 1865 Forest Act was amended ------------------- once in ----------------- and once again in ---------------------------.
HOW WERE THE LIVES OF PEOPLE AFFECTED?
HOW WERE THE LIVES OF PEOPLE AFFECTED?
40. Foresters and villagers had same ideas / different ideas regarding good forest.
41. Why did the villagers need forests?
42. Why did the Foresters need forests / trees?
43. How do forest people make use of forest products?
44. Fruits and tubers are eaten as they provide ---------------- .
45. Herbs are used for ---------------------- .
46. Wood is used for agricultural implements like -------------------- and ------------------ .
47. Bamboo is used to make -------------, ---------- and -----------.
48. A dried scooped-out gourd can be used as a -------------------------- .
49. What are the uses of leaves?
50. ------------------ is used to make ropes.
51. The bark of -------------------- is used to grate vegetables.
52. The fruit of --------------------- gives oil.
53. How did the Forest Act affect the life of villagers? (OR) Describe the hardships faced by the villagers due to Forest Act.
54. Why did the villagers steal wood from the forests?
55. How did the policemen and forest guards harass people?
HOW DO FOREST RULES AFFECT CULTIVATION?
HOW DO FOREST RULES AFFECT CULTIVATION?
56. What is the other name of ‘shifting cultivation’?
57. ‘Shifting cultivation’ was practiced in many parts of ------------------- , -------------- and ------------.
58. Shifting cultivation is called ---------------------- in South East Asia.
59. It is called --------------------- in Central America.
60. It is called -------- in Africa.
61. It is called ---------------- in Srilanka.
62. What are the local names of shifting cultivation in India?
63. Explain the features of shifting cultivation.
64. Why was the practice of shifting cultivation banned by European foresters?
65. What was the result of the ban imposed by the government on shifting cultivation?
66. What are sleepers?
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